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Objective To evaluate the association between aortic arterial stiffness and target organ damage, including renal function decline and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction among elderly diabetic patients and to provide theoretical basis for early prevention and intervention. Methods Brachial-ankle-artery pulse wave velocity(baPWV)reflecting aortic arterial stiffness was observed in 151 diabetic patients with(n=78)or without hypertension(n=73). Clinical data were collected, cardiac structure and function were assessed by echocardiography. Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)was calculated by CKD-EPI fomula. Results Of 151 subjects, the average age was(75.05±10.13)years and the average baPWV values was (1 803.85±491.04)mm/s. Patients with both diabetes and hypertension had significantly higher baPWV values[(2006.49± 536.70)mm/s]than that of diabetic patients[(1596.96 ±331.02)mm/s, P<0.01]. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that baPWV was negatively associated with E/A ratio and eGFR(β'=-0.249, -0.225, P<0.05), but positively associated with hypertension(β'=2.008, P<0.05). By applying area under the receiver operator characteristic curve, baPWV had powerful predictive power for renal impairment(AUC=0.695, 95% CI: 0.548-0.842)and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction(AUC=0.687, 95%CI: 0.532-0.842). Conclusion Patients with both diabetes and hypertension had significantly higher baPWV values than that of diabetic patients. Higher baPWV was independently associated with greater burden of sub-clinical disease in renal impairment and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the contribution of executive function to abnormal recognition of facial expressions of emotion in schizophrenia patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Abnormal recognition of facial expressions of emotion was assayed according to Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), positive and negative symptom scale, and Hamilton anxiety and depression scale, respectively, in 88 paranoid schizophrenia patients and 75 healthy volunteers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Patients scored higher on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scales, displayed lower JACFEE recognition accuracies and poorer WCST performances. The JACFEE recognition accuracy of contempt and disgust was negatively correlated with the negative symptom scale score while the recognition accuracy of fear was positively with the positive symptom scale score and the recognition accuracy of surprise was negatively with the general psychopathology score in patients. Moreover, the WCST could predict the JACFEE recognition accuracy of contempt, disgust, and sadness in patients, and the perseverative errors negatively predicted the recognition accuracy of sadness in healthy volunteers. The JACFEE recognition accuracy of sadness could predict the WCST categories in paranoid schizophrenia patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Recognition accuracy of social-/moral emotions, such as contempt, disgust and sadness is related to the executive function in paranoid schizophrenia patients, especially when regarding sadness.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Asian People , White People , Executive Function , Facial Expression , Schizophrenia, Paranoid , PsychologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the variability of event-related potentials P(300) and the relationship with memory function/psychopathology in patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia (patient group) and twenty health subjects (control group) were enrolled in the study. The auditory event-related potentials P₃₀₀ at the scalp electrodes Cz, Pz and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were examined in both groups, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was evaluated in patient group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In comparison with control group, patients had longer latency of P₃₀₀ [(390.6 ± 47.6)ms at Cz and (393.3 ± 50.1)ms at Pz] (P<0.01), lower amplitude of P₃₀₀ [(7.7 ± 3.4) μV at Cz and (8.5 ± 3.9)μV at Pz] (P<0.05-0.01). The memory quotient (88.1 ± 10.0) scores and short-term memory, immediate memory in patient group were damaged significantly (P<0.05-0.01). In patient group, the latency of P300 was correlated positively with PANSS scores and negatively with WMS scores (P<0.05-0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>First-episode paranoid schizophrenia has memory deficit, which can be evaluated comprehensively by P₃₀₀ and WMS. The longer latency of P₃₀₀ might be associated with the increased severity of first-episode paranoid schizophrenia.</p>